next up previous
Up: Ocean biogeochemical fluxes: New Previous: Synthesis and Prospects

References

1
Alldredge, A. L., U. Passow and B. E. Logan, The abundance and significance of a class of large transparent organic particles in the ocean. Deep-Sea Res., 40, 1131-1140, 1993.

2
Altabet, M. A., W. G. Deuser, S. Honjo, C. Stienen, Seasonal and depth-related changes in the source of sinking particles in the North Atlantic. Nature, 354 136-139, 1991

3
Amon, R. M. W. and R. Benner, Rapid cycling of high-molecular-weight dissolved organic matter in the ocean, Nature, 369 549-552, 1994.

Anderson, L. A. and J. L. Sarmiento, Redfield ratios of remineralization determined by nutrient data analysis. Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 8 65-80, 1994.

4
Arrigo, K. R. and C. R. McClain, Spring phytoplankton bloom in the western Ross Sea, Science, 266 261-263.

5
Asper, V. L., W. G. Deuser, G. A. Knauer and S. E. Lohrenz, Rapid coupling of sinking particle fluxes between surface and deep ocean waters. Nature, 357 670-672, 1992.

6
Bacastow, R. and E. Maier-Reimer, Dissolved organic carbon in modeling oceanic new production. Global Biogeochem Cycles, 5 71-85, 1991.

7
Banse, K., Grazing, temporal changes of phytoplankton concentrations and the microbial loop in the open sea, in Primary Productivity and Biogeochemical Cycles, in the Sea, edited by P. Falkowski and A. D. Woodhead, pp. 409-440, Plenum, New York, 1992.

8
Banse, K., Uptake of inorganic carbon and nitrate by marine plankton and the Redfield ratio. Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 8 81-84, 1994

9
Barber, R. T., Introduction to the WEC88 cruise: An investigation into why the Equator is not greener J. Geophys. Res., 97 609-610, 1992.

10
Barber, R. T. and F. P. Chavez, Regulation of primary productivity rate in the Equatorial Pacific, Limnol. Oceanogr., 36 1803-1815, 1991.

11
Bender, M., H. Ducklow, J. Kiddon, J. Marra and J. Martin, The carbon balance during the 1989 spring bloom in the North Atlantic Ocean, Deep-Sea Res., 39 1707-1725, 1992.

12
Benner, R., J. D. Pakulski, M. McCarthy, J. Hedges and P.G. Hatcher,Bulk chemical characteristics of dissolved organic matter in the ocean, Science, 255 1561-1541, 1992.

13
Benner, R. and M. Strom, A critical evaluation of the analytical blank associated with DOC measurements by high-temperature catalytic oxidation, Mar. Chem., 41 153-156, 1993.

14
Bowles, M. C. and H. D. Livingston, Update: Joint Global Ocean Flux Study, Sea Tech. 34 49-53, 1993.

15
Buesseler, K. O., Do upper-ocean sediment traps provide an accurate record of particle flux? Nature, 353 420-423, 1991.

16
Buesseler, K. O., M. P. Bacon, J. K. Cochran and H. D. Livingston, The carbon and nitrogen export during the JGOFS North Atlantic Bloom Experiment estimated from :U disequilibria, Deep-Sea Res., 39 1115-1137, 1992.

17
Buesseler, K. O., J. K. Cochran and M. P. Bacon, Determination of thorium isotopes in seawater by non-destructive and radiochemical procedures, Deep-Sea Res., 39 1103-1114, 1992.

18
Campbell, J. W. and T. Aarup, New production in the North Atlantic derived from seasonal patterns of surface chlorophyll, Deep-Sea Res., 39 1669-1694, 1992.

19
Carlson, C. A. and H. W. Ducklow, Annual flux of dissolved organic carbon from the euphotic zone in the northwestern Sargasso Sea, Nature, 371 405-408.

20
Cochran, J. K., K. O. Buesseler, M. P. Bacon and H. D. Livingston, Thorium isotopes as indicators of particle dynamics in the upper ocean: results from the JGOFS North Atlantic Bloom Experiment, Deep-Sea Res., 40 1569-1595, 1993.

21
Cullen, J. J., Hypotheses to explain high-nutrient, low chlorophyll conditions in the open sea, Limnol. Oceanogr., 36 1578-1599, 1991.

22
Dam, H. G., C. A. Miller and S. H. Jonasdottir, The trophic role of mesozooplankton at 47N, 20W during the North Atlantic Bloom Experiment, Deep-Sea Res., 40 197-212, 1993.

23
DiTullio, G. R. and E. A. Laws, Impact of an atmospheric-oceanic disturbance on phytoplankton community dynamics in the North Pacific Central Gyre, Deep-Sea Res., 38 1305-1329, 1991.

24
Duce, R. A., P. S. Liss, J. T. Merrill et al., The atmospheric input of trace species to the world ocean, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 5 193-259, 1991.

25
Ducklow, H. W. and R. Harris, Introduction to the JGOFS North Atlantic Bloom Experiment, Deep-Sea Res. II, 40 1-8, 1993.

26
Dugdale, R. C., F. P. Wilkerson, R. T. Barber and F. P. Chavez, Estimating new production in the Equatorial Pacific Ocean at 150 degrees W., J. Geophys. Res., 97 681-686, 1992.

27
Emerson, S., P. Quay, and P. A. Wheeler, Biological productivity determined from oxygen mass balance and incubation experiments, Deep-Sea Res., 40 2351-2358, 1993.

28
Emerson, S., P. Quay, C. Stump, D. Wilbur and M. Knox, O, Ar, N and Ra in surface waters of the subarctic ocean: net biological O production, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 5 49-69, 1991.

29
Emerson, S., P. Quay, C. Stump, D. Wilbur and R. Schudlich, Determining primary production from the mesoscale oxygen field, ICES Mar. Sci. Symp., 197 196-206, 1993.

30
Eppley, R. W., Toward Understanding the Roles of Phytoplankton in Biogeochemical Cycles,: Personal Notes, in Primary Productivity and Biogeochemical Cycles, in the Sea, edited by P. Falkowski and A. D. Woodhead, pp. 1-7, Plenum, New York, 1992.

31
Evans, G. T. and M. J. R. Fasham, (Eds.), Towards a Model of Ocean Biogeochemical Processes, 350 pp., Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1993.

32
Fasham, M. J. R., Modeling the marine biota, in The Global Carbon Cycle, edited by M. Heimann, pp. 457-504, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1993.

33
Fasham, M. J. R., J. L. Sarmiento, R. D. Slater, H. W. Ducklow and R. A. Williams, A seasonal three-dimensional ecosystem model of nitrogen cycling in the North Atlantic euphotic zone: A comparison of the model results with observations from Bermuda Stat ion ``S'' and OWS ``India'', Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 7 379-416, 1993.

34
Francois, R, and M. A. Altabet, Glacial to interglacial changes in surface nitrate utilization in the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean as recorded by sediment N, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 7 589-606, 1993.

35
Frost, B. W. and N. C.Franzen, Grazing and iron limitation in the control of phytoplankton stock and nutrient concentration: A chemostat analogue of the Pacific equatorial upwelling zone, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser,. 83 291-303, 1992.

36
Garside, C. and J. Garside, The ``f-ratio'' on 20W during the North Atlantic Bloom Experiment, Deep-Sea Res. II, 40 75-90, 1993.

37
Goldman, J. C., D. A. Hansell and M. R. Dennett, Chemical characterization of three large oceanic diatoms: Potential impact on water column chemistry, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 88 257-270, 1992.

38
Goldman, J. C., Potential role of large oceanic diatoms in new primary production, Deep-Sea Res., 40 159-168, 1993.

39
Gust, G., R. H. Byrne, R. E. Bernstein, P. R. Betzer and W. Bowles, Particle fluxes and moving fluids: Experience from synchronous trap collection in the Sargasso Sea, Deep-Sea Res., 39 1071-1083, 1992.

40
Hansell, D. A., P. M. Williams and B. B. Ward, Measurements of DOC and DON in the Southern California Bight using oxidation by high temperature combustion, Deep-Sea Res., 40 219-234, 1993.

41
Hansell, D. A., T. E. Whitledge and J. J. Goering, Patterns of nitrate utilization and new production over the Bering-Chukchi shelf, Cont. Shelf Res., 13 601-627, 1993.

42
Harrison, W. G., L. R. Harris, D. M. Karl, G. A. Knauer and D. G. Redalje, Nitrogen dynamics at the VERTEX time-series site, Deep-Sea Res., 39 1535-1352, 1992.

43
Hedges, J. I., C. Lee and P. Wangersky, Comments from the editors on the Suzuki statement, Mar. Chem., 41 289-290, 1993.

44
Hedges, J. I., B. A. Bergamaschi and R. Benner, Comparative analyses of DOC and DON in natural waters, Mar. Chem., 41 121-134, 1993.

45
Hedges, J. and J. Farrington, Measurement of dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen in natural waters: Workshop report, Mar. Chem., 41 5-10, 1993.

46
Hedges, J. I., C. Lee, S. G. Wakeham, P. J. Hernes and M. L. Peterson, Effect of poisons and preservatives on the fluxes and elemental composition of sediment trap materials, J. Mar. Res., 51 651-668, 1993.

47
Ho, C. and J. Marra, Early-spring export of phytoplankton production in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 114 197-202, 1994.

48
Holm-Hansen, O. and B. G. Mitchell, Spatial and temporal distribution of phytoplankton and primary production in the western Bransfield Strait region, Deep-Sea Res., 38 961-980, 1991.

49
Honjo, S. and S. J. Manganini, Annual biogenic particle fluxes to the interior of the North Atlantic Ocean studied at 34N., 21W. and 48N., 21W., Deep-Sea Res. II, 40 587-607, 1993.

50
Honjo, S., D. W. Spencer and W. D. Gardner, A sediment trap intercomparison experiment in the Panama Basin, Deep-Sea Res., 39 333-358, 1992.

51
Huntley, M., D. M. Karl, P. Niller and O. Holm-Hansen, Research on Antarctic Coastal Ecosystem Rates (RACER): An interdisciplinary field experiment, Deep-Sea Res., 38 911-941, 1991.

52
Jackson, G. A. and P. M. Eldridge, Food web analysis of a planktonic system of Southern California, Progr. Oceanogr., 30 223-251, 1992.

53
Jasper J. P. and W. G. Deuser, Annual cycles, of mass flux and isotopic composition of pteropod shells settling into the deep Sargasso Sea, Deep-Sea Res., 40 653-660, 1993.

54
Karl, D. M., B. D. Tilbrook and G. Tien, Seasonal coupling of organic matter production and particle flux in the western Bransfield Strait, Antarctica, Deep-Sea Res., 38 1097-1126, 1991.

55
Karl, D. M., G. Tien, J. Dore and C. D. Winn, Total dissolved nitrogen and phorphorus concentrations at US-JGOFS Station ALOHA: Redfield reconciliation, Mar. Chem., 41 203-208, 1993.

56
Keeling, C.D., Surface Ocean CO in The Global Carbon Cycle, edited by M. Heimann, pp. 413--429, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1993.

57
Kirchman, D. L., R. G. Keil, M. Simon and N. A. Welschmeyer, Biomass and production of heterotrophic bacterioplankton in the oceanic subarctic Pacific, Deep-Sea Res., 38 967-988, 1991.

58
Kirchman, D. L., Y. Suzuki, C. Garside and H. Ducklow, High turnover rates of dissolved organic carbon during a spring phytoplankton bloom, Nature, 352 612-614, 1992.

59
Laws, E. A., Photosynthetic quotients, new production and net community production in the open ocean, Deep-Sea Res., 38 143-167, 1991.

60
Lee, C., J. I. Hedges, S. G. Wakeham and N. Zhu, Effectiveness of poisons and preservatives in retarding bacterial activity in sediment trap material, Limnol. Oceanogr., 37 117-130, 1992.

61
Lohrenz, S. E., G. A. Knauer, V. L. Asper, M. Tuel, A. F. Michaels and A. H. Knap, Seasonal variability in primary production and particle flux in the northwestern Sargasso Sea: U.S JGOFS Bermuda Atlantic Time-Series Study, Deep-Sea Res., 39 1373-1391, 1 992.

62
Malone. T. C., S. E. Pike and D. J. Conley, Transient variations in phytoplankton productivity at the JGOFS Bermuda time series station, Deep-Sea Res., 40 903-924, 1993.

63
Martin, J. H., S. E. Fitzwater, R. M. Gordon, C. N. Hunter and S. J. Tanner, Iron, primary production and flux studies during the JGOFS North Atlantic Bloom Experiment, Deep-Sea Res. II, 40 115-134, 1993.

64
McClain, C. R., C. J. Koblinsky, J. Firestone, M. Darzi, E-N. Yeh, and B. D. Beckley, Examining several Southern Ocean data sets, EOS Trans. AGU, 72 345,351, 1991.

65
Michaels, A. F., D. A. Siegel, R. J. Johnson, A. F. Knap and J. N. Galloway, Episodic inputs of atmospheric nitrogen to the Sargasso Sea: Contributions to new production and phytoplankton blooms, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 7 339-351, 1993.

66
Miller, C. B., B. W. Frost, P. A. Wheeler, M. R. Landry, N. Welschmeyer and T. M. Powell, Ecological dynamics in the subarctic Pacific, a possibly iron-limited ecosystem, Limnol. Oceanogr., 36 1600-1615, 1991.

67
Miller, C. B., Pelagic production processes in the Subarctic Pacific, Progr. Oceanogr., 32 1-15, 1993.

68
Milliman, J. D., Production and accumulation of calcium carbonate in the ocean: budget of a nonsteady state, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 7 927-957, 1993.

69
Mitchell, B. G., Coastal Zone Color Scanner retrospective, J. Geophys. Res., 99 7291-7292, 1994.

70
Moloney, C. L. and Field, J. G., The size-based dynamics of plankton food web. 1. A simulation model of carbon and nitrogen flux, J. Plankton Res., 13 1003-1038, 1991.

71
Murray, J. W., The 1988 Black Sea Oceanography Expedition: introduction and summary, Deep-Sea Res., 38 (Supplement 2) S655-S661, 1991.

72
Murray, J. W., R. T. Barber, M. R. Roman, M. P. Bacon and R. A. Feely, Physical and biological controls on carbon cycling in the equatorial Pacific, Science, 266 58-65, 1994.

73
Najjar, R. G., J. L. Sarmiento and J. R. Toggweiler, Downward transport and fate of organic matter in the ocean; simulations with a general circulation model, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 6 45-76, 1992.

74
Pelegri, J. L. and G. T. Csanady, Nutrient transport and mixing in the Gulf Stream , J. Geophys. Res., 96 2577-2583, 1991.

75
Peterson, M. L., P. J. Hernes, D. S. Thoreson, J. I. Hedges, C. Lee and S. G. Wakeham , Field evaluation of a valved sediment trap designed to minimize collection of swimming animals, Limnol. Oceanogr., 38 1741-1761, 1993.

76
Proctor, L. M. and J. A. Fuhrman, Roles of viral infection in organic particle flux, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 69 133-142, 1991.

77
Robinson, A. R., D. J. McGillicuddy, J. Calman, et al., Mesoscale and upper ocean variability during the 1989 JGOFS bloom study, Deep-Sea Res. II, 40 9-35, 1993.

78
Roman, M. R., H. G. Dam, A. L. Gauzens and J. M. Napp, Zooplankton biomass and grazing at the JGOFS Sargasso Sea time series station, Deep-Sea Res., 40 883-901, 1993.

79
Sambrotto, R. N., J. H. Martin, W. W. Broenkow, C. A. Carlson and S. E. Fitzwater, Nitrate utilization in surface waters of the Iceland Basin during spring and summer of 1989, Deep-Sea Res. II, 40 441-457, 1993.

80
Sambrotto, R. N., G. Savidge, C. Robinson, et al., Elevated consumption of carbon relative to nitrogen in the surface ocean, Nature, 363 248-250, 1993.

81
Sarmiento, J. L., R. D. Slater, M. J. R. Fasham, H. W. Ducklow, J. R. Toggweiler and G. T. Evans, A seasonal three-dimensional ecosystem model of nitrogen cycling in the North Atlantic euphotic zone, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 7 417-450, 1993.

82
Sarmiento, J. L. and U. Siegenthaler, New Production and the Global Carbon Cycle in Primary Productivity and Biogeochemical Cycles, in the Sea, edited by P. Falkowski and A. D. Woodhead, pp. 317-332, Plenum, New York, 1992.

83
Sharp, J. H., Y. Suzuki and W. L. Munday, A comparison of dissolved organic carbon in North Atlantic Ocean nearshore waters by high temperature combustion and wet chemical oxidation, Mar. Chem., 41 253-259, 1993.

84
Silver, M. W. and M. M. Gowing, The ``particle'' flux: Origins and biological components, Progr. Oceanogr., 26 75-113, 1991.

85
Simon, M., N. A. Welschmeyer and D. L. Kirchman, Bacterial production and the sinking flux of particulate organic matter in the subsarctic Pacific, Deep-Sea Res., 39 1997-2008, 1992.

86
Smith, D. C., M. Simon, A. L. Alldredge, and F. Azam, Intense hydrolytic enzyme activity on marine aggregates and implications for rapid particle dissolution, Nature, 359 139-142, 1992.

87
Smith, W. O. Jr and W. G. Harrison, New production in polar regions: The role of environmental controls, Deep-Sea Res., 38 1463-1479, 1991.

88
Sullivan, C. W., K. R. Arrigo, C. R. McClain, J. C. Comiso and J. Firestone, Distributions of phytoplankton blooms in the Southern Ocean, Science, 262 1832-1837, 1993.

89
Suzuki, Y. On the measurement of DOC and DON in seawater. Mar. Chem., 41 287-288, 1993.

90
Takahashi, T., J. Olafson, J. G. Goddard, D. W. Chipman and S. C. Sutherland, Seasonal variations of CO and nutrients in the high-latitude surface oceans, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 7 843-878, 1993.

91
Townsend, D. W., M. D. Keller, M. E. Sieracki and S. G. Ackleson, Spring phytoplankton blooms in the absence of vertical water column stratification, Nature, 360 59-62, 1992.

92
Villareal, T. A., M. A. Altabet and K. Culver-Rymsza, Nitrogen transport by vertically migrating diatom mats in the North Pacific Ocean, Nature, 363 709-712, 1993.

93
Walsh, I. D. and W. D. Gardner, A comparison of aggregate profiles with sediment trap fluxes, Deep-Sea Res., 39 1817-1834, 1992.

94
Wheeler, P. A. and S. A. Kokkinakis, Ammonium recycling limits nitrate use in the oceanic subarctic Pacific, Limnol. Oceanogr., 35 1267-1278, 1990.

95
Yoder, J. A., C. R. McClain, G. C. Feldman and W. E. Esaias, Annual cycles, of phytoplankton chlorophyll concentrations in the global ocean: A satellite view, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 7 181-193, 1993.

96
Zhuang, L. and B. J. Huebert, A lagrangian analysis of the total ammonia budget during STEX/MAGE, J. Geophys. Res., C (in press), 1994.



U.S. National Report to IUGG, 1991-1994
Rev. Geophys. Vol. 33 Suppl., © 1995 American Geophysical Union