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2.4.1.2. The subtropics:

Pickart and Smethie [1993] used CFC, hydrographic and direct velocity data collected in 1990 to investigate the DWBC in the region where it crosses under the Gulf Stream. They separated the SLSW into a shallow and a deep component, which was shown to have different circulation patterns. They concluded that the shallow component recirculates completely with the Gulf Stream. Whereas the deep component shows some degree of recirculation and equatorward flow. For both components, high CFC water is added to the interior north of the crossover. To the south this water is replaced by entrainment of low CFC water from the interior. Thus at the Gulf Stream crossover, due to exchange with the interior and recirculation of the shallow component, there are substantial changes in SLSW properties in the DWBC. The SLSW becomes lower in CFC concentrations, deeper, denser and saltier. In the LNADW, Pickart and Smethie [1993] observed only a small amount of recirculation into the interior.

Smethie [1993] showed that the structure and continuity of the DWBC extends northward to the Grand Banks (Figure 3b). The CFCs and hydrographic data were collected along four sections normal to the continental slope in 1983 and three sections in 1986. The basic structure of two CFC maxima cores was observed in all sections. New information comes from CFC derived ages for the DWBC. Between 44 and 33N, the ages increase from eleven to eighteen years for the shallow core, and from twelve to twenty years for the deep core. For the deep core, a reconstruction of CFCs in the source components of the LNADW is used to estimate that 80% of the CFC burden in the mid-1980s is from the DSOW. Extensions of the sections up to 1300 km into the interior, provided significant new detail about the circulation adjacent to the DWBC. Maps of the LNADW showed the high CFC water from the DWBC spreading into the interior in the Northern Recirculation Gyre [ Hogg et al., 1986]. Smethie [1993] observed that the CFC concentrations in the SLSW do not decrease monotonically from the boundary. Multiple maxima suggested that there are other processes, in addition to mixing, that transport the high CFC water to the interior.

Below the LNADW (>1.8C), Smethie [1993] described a mixture of the NADW and AABW, which has an inverse correlation between tracer and silica concentrations [e.g. Top et al., 1987]. North of the New England Seamount chain, high silica/low CFC patches are remnants of the AABW. In contrast, at some stations along the bottom, there are high CFC/low silica patches (Figure 3b). He estimated that the high CFC/low silica patches have a slightly greater fraction of the DSOW than the GFZW. Smethie concluded that this high CFC bottom water is flowing equatorward offshore and parallel to the DWBC.



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Next: 2.4.1.3. The subpolar Up: 2.4. Tracer Observations Previous: 2.4.1.1. The tropics:



U.S. National Report to IUGG, 1991-1994
Rev. Geophys. Vol. 33 Suppl., © 1995 American Geophysical Union