No facet of the biosphere or of human endeavors would be totally insulated from the impact a climate change of the speed and magnitude projected in the IPCC business-as-usual scenario [ IPCC, 1990, 1992]. Impacts other than those discussed above that have been studied include impacts on outdoor recreation [ Ewert, 1991; Parsons, 1991], insects [ Elias, 1991], bird habitats [ Botkin, et al., 1991; Root, 1992], wildfire frequency [ Torn and Fried, 1992], and the frequency of weather disasters [ Mitchell and Ericksen, 1992].