Tongues, bottles, and disconnected loops: The opening and closing of the interplanetary magnetic field

David J. McComas

Space and Atmospheric Sciences Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico

• 1. Introduction
• 2. Opening Magnetic Fields
• 3. The Magnetic Field Magnitude Catastrophe
• 4. Closing of Open Magnetic Field Lines
• 5. Balance and Evolution of the IMF
• References