References

1

Bame, S. J., B. E. Goldstein, J. T. Gosling, J. W. Harvey, D. J. McComas, M. Neugebauer, and J. L. Phillips, Ulysses observations of a recurrent high speed solar wind stream and the heliomagnetic streamer belt, Geophys. Res. Lett., 20, 2323, 1993.

2

Barnes, A., J. D. Mihalov, P. R. Gazis, A. J. Lazarus, J. W. Belcher, G. S. Gordon, and R. L. McNutt, Global properties of the plasma in the outer heliosphere I. Large-scale structure and evolution, in Solar Wind Seven, edited by E. Marsch and R. Schwenn, pp. 143, Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1992.

3

Behannon, K. W., L. F. Burlaga, and A. Hewish, Structure and evolution of compound streams at 21 AU, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 21213, 1991.

4

Belcher, J. W., A. J. Lazarus, R. L. McNutt Jr., and G. S. Gordon Jr., Solar wind conditions in the outer heliosphere and the distance to the termination shock, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 15177, 1993.

5

Burlaga, L. F., A heliospheric vortex street?, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 4333, 1990.

6

Burlaga, L. F., Shocks in the outer heliosphere: Voyager 2 observations from 18.9 AU to 30.2 AU (1986-1989), J. Geophys. Res., 99, 4162, 1994.

7

Burlaga, L. F., F. B. McDonald, and N. F. Ness, Cosmic ray modulation and the distant heliospheric magnetic field: Voyager 1 and 2 observations from 1986 to 1989, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 1, 1993.

8

Burlaga, L. F., and N. F. Ness, Radial and latitudinal variations of the magnetic field strength in the outer heliosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 3539, 1993 a.

9

Burlaga, L. F., and N. F. Ness, Large-scale distant heliospheric magnetic field: Voyager 1 and 2 observations from 1986 through 1989, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 17451, 1993 b.

10

Coles, W. A., R. Esser, U.-P. Lovhaug, and J. Markkanen, Comparison of solar wind velocity measurements with a theoretical acceleration model, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 13849, 1991.

11

Coles, W. A., and R. Esser, An observational limit to the amplitude of Alfvn waves in the solar wind and comparison with an acceleration model, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 19139, 1992.

12

Fisher, R. R., and M. Guhathakurta, Spartan 201 white light coronagraph experiment, Space Sci. Rev., 70, 267, 1994.

13

Gazis, P. R., A. Barnes, J. D. Mihalov, and A. J. Lazarus, Solar wind velocity and temperature in the outer heliosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 6561, 1994.

14

Goldstein, B. E., M. Neugebauer, J. T. Gosling, S. J. Bame, J. L. Phillips, and D. J. McComas, Ulysses observations of solar wind plasma parameters in the ecliptic from 1.4 to 5.4 AU and out of the ecliptic, Space Sci. Rev., 72, 113, 1995.

15

Gosling, J. T., S. J. Bame, D. J. McComas, J. L. Phillips, B. E. Goldstein, and M. Neugebauer, The speeds of coronal mass ejections in the solar wind at mid heliographic latitudes: Ulysses, Geophys. Res. Lett., 21, 1109, 1994 a.

16

Gosling, J. T., S. J. Bame, D. J. McComas, J. L. Phillips, E. E. Scime, V. J. Pizzo, B. E. Goldstein, and A. Balogh, A forward-reverse shock pair in the solar wind driven by over-expansion of a coronal mass ejection: Ulysses observations, Geophys. Res. Lett., 21, 237, 1994 b.

17

Hoang, S. et al., Solar wind thermal electrons in the ecliptic plane between 1 and 4 AU: Preliminary results from the Ulysses radio receiver, Geophys. Res. Lett., 19, 1295, 1992.

18

Hundhausen, A. J., Sizes and locations of coronal mass ejections: SMM observations from 1980 and 1984-1989, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 13177, 1993.

19

Kohl, J. L., L. D. Gardner, L. Strachan, and D. M. Hassler, Ultraviolet spectroscopy of the extended solar corona during the Spartan 201 mission, Space Sci. Rev., 70, 253, 1994

20

Lazarus, A. J., B. Yedidia, L. Villanueva, J. R.L. McNutt, J. W. Belcher, U. Villante, and L. F. Burlaga, Meridional plasma flow in the outer heliosphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 15, 1519, 1988.

21

McComas, D. J., S. J. Bame, W. C. Feldman, J. T. Gosling, and J. L. Phillips, Solar wind halo electrons from 1-4 AU, Geophys. Res. Lett., 19, 1291, 1992.

22

McComas, D. J., J. L. Phillips, S. J. Bame, J. T. Gosling, B. E. Goldstein, and M. Neugebauer, Ulysses solar wind observations to 56 south, Space Sci. Rev., 72, 93, 1995.

23

Phillips, J. L., S. J. Bame, J. T. Gosling, D. J. McComas, B. E. Goldstein, E. J. Smith, A. Balogh, and R. J. Forsyth, Ulysses plasma observations of coronal mass ejections near 2.5 AU, Geophys. Res. Lett., 19, 1239, 1992.

24

Phillips, J. L., A. Balogh, S. J. Bame, B. E. Goldstein, J. T. Gosling, J. T. Hoeksema, D. J. McComas, M. Neugebauer, J. N. R. Sheeley, and Y.-M. Wang, Ulysses at 50 south: constant immersion in the high-speed solar wind, Geophys. Res. Lett., 21, 1105, 1994.

25

Pillip, W. G., H. Miggenrieder, K.-H. Mhlhaser, H. Rosenbauer, and R. Schwenn, Large-scale variations of thermal electron parameters in the solar wind between 0.3 and 1 AU, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 6305, 1990.

26

Pizzo, V. J., Global, quasi-steady dynamics of the distant solar wind. 2. Deformation of the heliospheric current sheet, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 4185, 1994 a.

27

Pizzo, V. J., Global, quasi-steady dynamics of the distant solar wind. 1. Origin of north-south flows in the outer heliosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 4173, 1994 b.

28

Richardson, J. D., K. I. Paularena, J. W. Belcher, and A. J. Lazarus, Solar wind oscillations with a 1.3 year period, Geophys. Res. Lett., 21, 1559, 1994.

29

Rickett, B. J., and W. A. Coles, Evolution of the solar wind structure over a solar cycle: Interplanetary scintillation velocity measurements compared with coronal observations, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 1717, 1991.

30

Scudder, J. D., and S. Olbert, A theory of local and global processes which affect solar wind electrons 1. The origin of typical 1 AU velocity distribution functions --- steady state theory, J. Geophys. Res., 84, 2755, 1979.

31

Siregar, E., D. A. Roberts, and M. L. Goldstein, An evolving MHD vortex street model for quasi-periodic solar wind fluctuations, Geophys. Res. Lett., 19, 1427, 1992.

32

Siregar, E., D. A. Roberts, and M. L. Goldstein, Quasi-periodic transverse plasma flow associated with an evolving MHD vortex street in the outer heliosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 13233, 1993.

33

Siscoe, G., and D. Intriligator, Three views of two giant streams: Aligned observations at 1 AU, 4.6 AU, and 5.9 AU, Geophys. Res. Lett., 20, 2267, 1993.

34

Smith, E. J., M. Neugebauer, A. Balogh, S. J. Bame, G. Erdös, R. J. Forsyth, B. E. Goldstein, J. L. Phillips, and B. T. Tsurutani, Disappearance of the heliospheric sector structure at Ulysses, Geophys. Res. Lett., 20, 2327, 1993.

35

Smith, E. J., M. Neugebauer, A. Balogh, and S. J. Bame, R. P. Lepping, and B. T. Tsurutani, Ulysses observations of latitude gradients in the heliospheric magnetic field: radial component and variances, Space Sci. Rev., 72, 165, 1995.

36

Strachan, L., L. D. Gardner, D. M. Hassler, and J. L. Kohl, Preliminary results from Spartan 201: coronal streamer observations, Space Sci. Rev., 70, 263, 1994.

37

Veselovsky, I. S., Solar wind vortex flow in the outer heliosphere, in: Proc. of Physics of the Outer Heliosphere, edited by S. Grzedzielski and D. E. Page, Vol. 1, pp. 277, COSPAR, Warsaw, Poland, 1989.

38

Whang, Y. C., Shock interactions in the outer heliosphere, Space Sci. Rev., 57, 339, 1991.

39

Winterhalter, D., E. J. Smith, J. H. Wolfe, and J. A. Slavin, Spatial gradients in the heliospheric magnetic field: Pioneer 11 observations between 1 AU and 24 AU, and over solar cycle 21, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 1, 1990.

40

Woo, R., and P. Gazis, Large-scale solar-wind structure near the Sun detected by Doppler scintillation, Nature, 366, 543, 1993.

41

Woo, R., and R. M. Goldstein, Latitudinal variation of speed and mass flux in the acceleration region of the solar wind inferred from spectral broadening measurements, Geophys. Res. Lett., 21, 85, 1994.

 
Figure 1: One-day averages of the solar wind speed observed by Voyager 2 between January, 1990, and June, 1993 [Belcher et al., 1993].

 
Figure 2: Twelve-hour averages of the solar wind speed observed by Ulysses versus heliographic latitude from February, 1992 through September, 1994 (after [Phillips et al., 1994]).