Up: Effects of UV radiation
Previous: Summary
References
- 1
-
Acevedo, J., and C. Nolan, Environmental UV Radiation,
Research and Development, Brussels, 1993. A report
prepared for the Commission of the European Communities;
Directorate-General XII for Science.
- 2
-
Ainley, D. G., W. R. Fraser, C. W. Sullivan, J. J. Torres,
T. L. Hopkins, and W. O. Smith, Antarctic mesopelagic
micronekton: evidence from seabirds that pack ice affects
community structure, Science, 232, 847-849, 1986.
- 3
-
Ainley, D. G., W. R. Fraser, and K. L. Daly, Effects of pack
ice on the composition of micronektonic communities in the
Weddell Sea, in Antarctic Ocean and Resources Variability,
edited by D. Sahrhage, p. 140-146, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1988.
- 4
-
Anderson, J. G., D. W. Toohey, and W. H. Brune, Free Radicals Within
the Antarctic Vortex: The Role of CFCs in
Antarctic Ozone Loss, Science, 251, 39-46, 1991.
- 5
-
Behrenfeld, M. J., J. T. Hardy, and H. Lee, Chronic effects
of ultraviolet-b radiation on growth and cell volume of
Phaeodactylum tricornutum (Bacillariophyceae), Journal of
Phycol., 28, 757-760, 1992.
- 6
-
Behrenfeld, M., J. Hardy, H. Gucinski, A. Hanneman, Lee, and
Wones, Effecs of ultraviolet-b radiation on primary produc tion
along latitudinal transects in the south pacific ocean,
Marine Environmental Research, 35(4), 349-363, 1993a.
- 7
-
Behrenfeld, M. J., J. W. Chapman, J. T. Hardy, and H. Lee,
Is there a common response to ultraviolet-b radiation by
marine phytoplankton, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 102(1-2), 59-68,
1993b.
- 8
-
Bidigare, R. R., M. Ondrusek, S. El-Sayed, and C. Stephens,
Polar Programs Data Report; Photosynthetic pigment investigations
at Palmer Station, Antarctica, p. 1-28, 1988.
- 9
-
Bidigare, R. R., B. B. Prezelin, and R. C. Smith, Bio-optical
models and the problems in scaling. in Primary Productivity and
Biogeochemical Cycles in the Sea, P. G. Falkowski, (Environmental
science research), p. 175-212, Plenum Press, New York, 1992a.
- 10
-
Bidigare, R. R., M. E. Ondrusek, and S.-H. Kang, Measurements
of photosynthesic and UVB blocker pigments during the
Icecolors '90 expedition, Antarct. J. U.S., 27, 119-120, 1992b.
- 11
-
R. H. Biggs, and M. E. B. Joyner (Eds.).,
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion/UV-B radiation in the biosphere,
(NATO ASI Series---Series I, Global Environmental Change),
Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1994. 358 pp..
- 12
-
Boivin, L. P., W. F. Davidson, R. S. Storey, R. S. Sinclair,
and E. D. Earle, Determination of the attenuation coefficients
of visible and ultraviolet radiation in heavy water,
Appl. Opt., 25, 877-882, 1986.
- 13
-
Booth, R. R., and S. Madronich, Radiation amplification factors:
improved formulation accounts for large increases in
ultraviolet radiation associated with Antarctic ozone
depletion, in Ultraviolet radiation in Antarctica:
Measurements and biological effects, edited by C. S. Weiler, and
P. A. Penhale, p. 39-42, 1994. Antarctic Research Series,
Volume 62.
- 14
-
Booth, C. R., T. B. Lucas, H. J. Morrow, C. S. Weiler, and
P. A. Penhale, The United States National Science
Foundation's Polar Network for monitoring ultraviolet radiation,
in Ultraviolet radiation in Antarctica:
Measurements and biological effects, edited by C. S. Weiler, and
P. A. Penhale, p. 17-37, 1994. Antarctic Research Series,
Volume 62.
- 15
-
Bothwell, M. L., D. Sherbot, A. C. Roberge, and R. J. Daley,
Influence of natural ultraviolet radiation on lotic periphytic
diatom community growth, biomass accrual, and species
composition: short-term versus long-term effects,
Journal of Phycology, 29(1), 24-35, 1993.
- 16
-
Bothwell, M. L., D. M. J. Sherbot, and C. M. Pollock,
Ecosystem response to solar ultraviolet-b radiation: influence of
trophic-level interactions, Science, 265, 97-100, 1994.
- 17
-
Brown, O. B., R. H. Evans, J. W. Brown, H. R. Gordon, R. C.
Smith, and K. S. Baker, Phytoplankton blooming off the U.S.
east coast: A satellite description, Science, 229,
163-167, 1985.
- 18
-
Caldwell, M. M., Solar ultraviolet radiation as an ecological
factor for alpine plants, Ecol. Monogr., 38(3), 243-268,
1968.
- 19
-
Caldwell, M. M., L. B. Camp, C. W. Warner, and S. D. Flint,
Action spectra and their key role in assessing biological
consequences of solar UV-B radiation change, in Stratospheric
Ozone Reduction, Solar Ultraviolet Radiation and Plant Life,
edited by R. C. Worrest, and M. M. Caldwell, p. 87-111,
Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1986. NATO ASI Series, Vol. G8.
- 20
-
Calkins, J., and T. Thordardottir, The ecological significance
of solar UV radiation on aquatic organisms, Nature,
283, 563-566, 1980.
- 21
-
Carreto, J. I., M. O. Carignan, G. Daleo, and S. G.
De Marco, Occurrence of mycosporine-like amino acids in the
redtide dinoflagellate Alexandrium excavatum---UV
photoprotective compounds? J. Plankton Res., 12, 909-921, 1990.
- 22
-
Chalker, B. E., and W. C. Dunlap, UV-B and UV-A light
absorbing compounds in marine organisms, in Response of
Marine phytoplankton to natural variations in UV-B flux,
edited by B. G. Mitchell, O. Holm-Hansen, and I. Sobolev,
p. Appendix J, Chemical Manufacturers Association, Washington, DC,
1990. Proceedings of a Workshop, Scripps Institution of Oceanography,
La Jolla, CA, April 5.
- 23
-
Coohill, T. P., Ultraviolet action spectra (280 to 380 nm)
and solar effectiveness spectra for higher plants,
Photochem. and Photobiol., 50(4), 451-457, 1989.
- 24
-
Coohill, T. P., Action Spectra Again, Photochem. and Photobiol.,
54(5), 859-870, 1991.
- 25
-
Cullen, J. J., and M. P. Lesser, Inhibition of
photosynthesis by ultraviolet radiation as a function of
dose and dosage rate---results for a marine diatom,
Marine Biology, 111(2), 183-190, 1991.
- 26
-
Cullen, J. J., and M. R. Lewis, The kinetics of algal
photoadaptation in the context of vertical mixing,
J. Plankton Res., 10(5), 1039-1063, 1988.
- 27
-
Cullen, J. J., and M. R. Lewis, Biological processes and
optical measurements near the sea-surface: some issues
relevant to remote sensing,
J. Geophys. Res. 1994. In press.
- 28
-
Cullen, J. J., and P. J. Neale, Quantifying the effects of
ultraviolet radiation on acquatic photosynthesis, in
Photosynthetic responses to the environment,
edited by H. Yamamoto, and C. M. Smith, Washington, DC, 1993.
- 29
-
Cullen, J. J., and P. J. Neale, Ultraviolet radiation, ozone
depletion, and marine photosynthesis, Photosynthesis Research, 39(3), 303-320, 1994.
- 30
-
Cullen, J. J., P. J. Neale, and M. P. Lesser, Biological
weighting function for the inhibition of phytoplankton photosynthesis
by ultraviolet radiation, Science, 258, 646-650, 1992.
- 31
-
Damkaer, D. M., and D. B. Dey, UV damage and photoreactivation
potentials of larval shrimp, Pandalus platyceros,
and adult euphausiids Thysanoessa raschii, Oecologia, 60,
169-175, 1983.
- 32
-
Dohler, G., Effect of UV-B radiation on the marine diatoms
Lauderia annulata and Thalassiosira rotula grown in different
salinities, Mar. Biol., 83, 247-253, 1984.
- 33
-
Dohler, G., Effect of UV-B radiation (290-320nm) on the
nitrogen metabolism of several marine diatoms,
Journal Plant Physiol., 118, 391-400, 1985.
- 34
-
Dunlap, W. C., B. E. Chalker, and J. K. Oliver, Bathymetric
adaptations of reef-building corals at Davies Reef, Great
Barrier Reef, Australia---III. UV-B absorbing compounds,
J. Exp. Mar. Bio. Ecol., 104, 239-248, 1986.
- 35
-
El-Sayed, S. Z., and J. T. Turner, Productivity of the
Antarctic and tropical/subtropical regions: A comparative
study, in Polar Oceans, edited by M. Dunbar, p. 463-503,
Arctic Institute of North America, Calgary, 1977.
- 36
-
El-Sayed, S. Z., F. C. Stephens, R. R. Bidigare, and M. E.
Ondrusek, Effect of Ultraviolet radiation on antarctic
marine phytoplankton, in Antarctic Ecosystems; Ecological change
& conservation, edited by K. R. Kerry, and G. Hempel,
Springer Verlag, 1990.
- 37
-
Fraser, W. R., and D. G. Ainley, Ice edges and seabird
occurrence in Antarctica, BioScience, 36, 258-263, 1986.
- 38
-
Frederick, J. E., and A. D. Alberts, Prolonged enhancement
in surface ultraviolet radiation during the Antarctic
Spring of 1990, Geophys. Res. Let., 18(10), 1869-1871, 1991.
- 39
-
Gala, W. R., and J. P. Giesy, Effects of ultraviolet radiation
on the primary production of natural phytoplankton
assemblages in Lake Michigan, Ecotoxicology and Environmental
Safety, 22, 345-361, 1991.
- 40
-
Garrison, D. L., K. R. Buck, and G. A. Fryxell, Algal Assemblages
in Antarctic Pack Ice and In Ice-Edge Plankton, J. Phycol., 23,
564-572, 1987.
- 41
-
Green, A. E. S., G. B. Findley, Jr., K. F. Klenk, W. M. Wilson,
and T. Mo, The ultraviolet dose dependence of non-melanoma skin
cancer incidence, J. Photochem. Photobiol. B: Biol., 24,
353-362, 1976.
- 42
-
Häder, D.-P., Effects of UV-B on motility and photo-orientation
in the cyanobacterium, Phormiduim uncinatum, Arch. Microbiol.,
140, 34-39, 1984.
- 43
-
Häder, D.-P., Effects of UV-B on motility and photobehavior
in the green flagellate, Euglena gracilis, Arch. Microbiol.,
141, 159-163, 1985.
- 44
-
Häder, D.-P., Effects of solar and artificial UV irradiation
on motility and phototaxis in the flagellate, Euglena gracilis,
J. Photochem. Photobiol. B: Biol., 44, 651-656, 1986.
- 45
-
Häder, D.-P., Polarotaxis, gravitaxis and vertical
photo-taxis in the green flagellate, Euglena gracilis,
Arch. Microbiol., 147, 179-183, 1987.
- 46
-
Häder, D.-P., Chapter 6: Effects of enhanced solar ultraviolet
radiation on aquatic ecosystems, in UV-B radiation and ozone
depletion, Effects on Humans, Animals, Plants, Microorganism, and
Materials, edited by M. Tevini, p. 155-192, 1993.
- 47
-
Häder, D.-P., R. C. Worrest, H. D. Kumar, and R. C. Smith,
Chapter 4: Effects of increased solar UVB irradiation on
aquatic ecosystems, Enironmental Effects of Ozone Depletion:
1994 Update, p. xx-xx, United Nations Environmental
Programme (UNEP) 1994, 1994. In Press.
- 48
-
Helbling, E. W., V. Villafane, M. Ferrario, and O.
Holm-Hansen, Impact of natural ultraviolet radiation on rates of
photosynthesis and on specific marine phytoplankton
species, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 80, 89-100, 1992.
- 49
-
Helbling, E. W., V. Villafane, and O. Holm-Hansen, Effects
of ultraviolet radiation on Antarctic marine phytoplankton
photosynthesis with particular attention to the influence
of mixing, in Ultraviolet radiation in Antarctica: Measurements
and biological, edited by C. S. Weiler, and P. A. Penhale,
p. 207-227, 1994. Antarctic Research Series, Volume 62.
- 50
-
Henley, W. J., Measurement and interpretation of
photosynthetic light-response curves in algae in the context of
photoinhibition and diel changes, Journal of Phycology, 29,
29, 729-739, 1993.
- 51
-
Holm-Hansen, O., UV radiation in Antarctic waters: effect on
rates of primary production, in Response of Marine
phytoplankton to natural variations in UV-B flux, edited by B.
G. Mitchell, O. Holm-Hansen, and I. Sobolev, p. Appendix
G, Chemical Manufacturers Association, Washington, DC,
1990. Proceedings of a Workshop, Scripps Institution of
Oceanography, La Jolla, CA, April 5.
- 52
-
Holm-Hansen, O., and E. W. Helbling, Polyethylene Bags and
Solar Ultraviolet Radiation, Science, 259, 534-534, 1993.
- 53
-
Holm-Hansen, O., S. Z. El-Sayed, G. A. Franceschini, and R.
L. Cuhel, Primary production and the factors controlling
phytoplankton growth in the Southern Ocean, in
Adaptations within antarctic ecosystems: Proceedings of the
Third SCAR Symposium on Antarctic Biology, edited by G. A.
Llano, p. 11-50, Gulf Publishing Co., Houston, 1977.
Sponsored by the Scientific Committee for Antarctic Research
(SCAR) and the International Union of Biological Sciences
and held under the auspices of the United States National Academy
of Sciences. Washington, DC, Aug 26-30, 1974.
- 54
-
Holm-Hansen, O., D. Lubin, and E. W. Helbling, Ultraviolet
radiation and its effects on organisms in aquatic environments,
in Environmental UV photobiology, edited by A. R.
Young, L. O. Bjorn, J. Moan, and W. Nultsch, p. 379-425, 1993.
- 55
-
Hunter, J.R., J.H. Tayler, and G. Moser, Effect of ultraviolet
irraidation on eggs and larvae of the northern anchovy, Engraulis
mordax, and the Pacific mackerel, Scomber japonicus,
during the embryonic stage, J. Photochem. Photobiol. B: Biol.,
29, 325-338, 1979.
- 56
-
Jerlov, N. G., Ultraviolet radiation in the sea, Nature,
166, 111, 1950.
- 57
-
Jokiel, P. L., and R. H. York, Jr, Importance of ultraviolet
radiation in photoinhibition of microalgal growth, Limnol.
Oceanogr., 29(1), 192-199, 1984.
- 58
-
Jokiel, P. L., and R. H. York Jr, Solar ultraviolet photobiology
of the reef coral pocillopora damicornis and symbiotic zooxanthellae,
Bull. Mar. Sci., 32, 301-315, 1982.
- 59
-
Jones, L. W., and B. Kok, Photoinhibition of chloroplast reactions.
I. Kinetics and action spectra, Plant Physiol., 41, 1037-1043,
1966.
- 60
-
Karentz, D., Ecological considerations of the Antarctic
ozone depletion, Antarctic Science, 3(1), 3-11, 1991.
- 61
-
Karentz, D., Ultraviolet tolerance mechanisms in Antarctic
marine organims, in Ultraviolet radiation in Antarctica:
Measurements and biological effects, edited by C. S.
Weiler, and P. A. Penhale, p. 93-110, 1994. Antarctic
Research Series, Volume 62.
- 62
-
Karentz, D., J. E. Cleaver, and D. L. Mitchell, Cell survival
characteristics and molecular responses of Antarctic
phytoplankton to ultraviolet-B radiation,
J. Phycol., 27(3), 326-341, 1991.
- 63
-
Karentz, D., et al., Impact of UVB radiation on pelagic
freshwater ecosystems: report of working group on bacteria
and phytoplankton, in Archiv fur Hydrobiologie, supplement
Series, Ergebnisse der Limnologie, edited by
C. E. Williamson, and H. E. Zagarese, p. 31-69, 1994. Volume 43.
- 64
-
Kaupp, S. E., and J. R. Hunter, Photorepair in larval
anchovy, Engraulis mordax, J. Photochem. Photobiol. B:
Biol., 33, 253-256, 1981.
- 65
-
Kerr, J. B., and C. T. McElroy, Evidence for large upward
trends of ultraviolet-B radiation linked to ozone depletion,
Science, 262(5136), 1032-1034, 1993.
- 66
-
Kirk, J. T. O., Optics of UV-B radiation in natural waters,
Arch. Hydrobiol., Beih. Ergebn. Limnol. p. xx-xx, 1994.
- 67
-
Kirk, J. T. O., et al., Measurement of uv-b radiation in
freshwater ecosystems, in Archiv fur Hydrobiologie, supplement
Series, Ergebnisse der Limnologie, edited by C. E. Williamson,
and H. E. Zagarese, p. xx-xx, 1994. Vol. 43.
- 68
-
Kullenberg, G., Note on the role of vertical mixing in relation
to effects of UV radiation on the marine environment, in
The Role of Solar Ultraviolet Radiation in Marine Ecosystems,
edited by J. Calkins, p. 283-292, 1982.
- 69
-
Lenoble, J., L'absorption du rayonnement ultraviolet par les
ions présents dans la mer, Revue d'Optique, 35(10),
526-531, 1956.
- 70
-
Lesser, M. P., J. J. Cullen, and P. J. Neale, Carbon uptake
in a marine diatom during acute exposure to ultraviolet B
radiation: relative importance of damage and repair, J.
Phycol., 30, 183-192, 1994.
- 71
-
Lewis, M. R., J. J. Cullen, and T. Platt, Relationships
between vertical mixing and photoadaptation of phytoplankton:
similarity criteria, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 15,
141-149, 1984.
- 72
-
Lubin, D., and J. E. Frederick, Column Ozone Measurements
From Palmer Station, Antarctica: Variations During the Austral
Springs of 1988 and 1989, J. Geophys. Res., 95(D9),
13,883-13,889, 1990.
- 73
-
Lubin, D., and J. E. Frederick, The ultraviolet radiation
environment of the Antarctic peninsula: The roles of ozone
and cloud cover, J. Appl. Meteorol., 30, 478-493, 1991.
- 74
-
Lubin, D., B. G. Mitchell, J. E. Frederick, A. D. Alberts,
C. R. Booth, T. Lucas, and D. Neuschuler, A contribution
toward understanding the biospherical significance of
antarctic ozone depletion, J. Geophys. Res., 97(D8),
7817-7828, 1992.
- 75
-
Madronich, S., Chapter 1: The atmosphere and UV-B radiation
at ground level, in Environmental UV photobiology, edited
by A. R. Young et al. p. 1-39, Plenum Press,
New York, 1993.
- 76
-
Madronich, S., and C. Granier, Impact of recent total ozone
changes on tropospheric ozone photodissociation, hydroxyl
radicals, and methane trends, Geophys. Res. Let., 19(5),
465-467, 1992.
- 77
-
Madronich, S., McKenzie, Caldwell, and Bjorn, Chapter 1:
Changes in ultraviolet radiation reaching the Earth's surface,
Environmental Effects of Ozone Depletion: 1994 Update,
p. 1-39, United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP)
1994, 1994.
- 78
-
Marchant, H. J., Biological impacts of seasonal ozone
depletion, in Proceedings of the SCAR Antarctic
Science Conference, edited by G. Hemple, p. xx-xx,
Springer Verlag, Berlin, 1994. In press.
- 79
-
Marra, J., Phytoplankton photosynthetic response to vertical
movement in a mixed layer, Mar. Biol., 46, 203-208, 1978.
- 80
-
Milot-Roy, V., and W. F. Vincent, UV radiation effects on
photosynthesis: the importance of near-surface thermoclines
in a subarctic lake, in Archiv fur Hydrobiologie, supplement
Series, Ergebnisse der Limnologie, edited by C. E.
Williamson, and H. E. Zagarese, p. xx-xx, 1994. In press.
- 81
-
Mitchell, B. G., Action spectra of ultraviolet photoinhibition
of antarctic phytoplankton and a model of spectral diffuse
attenuation coefficients, in Response of Marine phytoplankton
to natural variations in UV-B flux, edited by B. G. Mitchell,
O. Holm-Hansen, and I. Sobolev, p. Appendix H,
Chemical Manufacturers Association, Washington, DC, 1990.
Proceedings of a Workshop, Scripps Institution of Oceanography,
La Jolla, CA, April 5.
- 82
-
Mitchell, D. L., and D. Karentz, The induction and repair of
DNA photodamage in the environment, in Environmental UV
photobiology, edited by A. R. Young, L. O. Bjorn, J. Moan,
and W. Nultsch, p. 345-377, 1993.
- 83
-
Moeller, R. E., Contribution of ultraviolet radiation
(UVA,UVB) to photoinhibition of epilimnetric phytoplankton
in lakes of differing uv transparency, in Archiv fur
Hydrobiologie, supplement Series, Ergebnisse der Limnologie,
edited by C. E. Williamson, and H. E. Zagarese, p. xx-xx,
1994. Volume 43.
- 84
-
Morel, A., Light and marine photosynthesis: A model with
geochemical and climatological implications,
Prog. Oceanog., 26, 263-306, 1991.
- 85
-
Morowitz, H. J., Absorption effects in volume irradiation of
microorganisms, Science, 111, 229, 1950.
- 86
-
D. S. Nachtwey, and M. M. Caldwell (Eds.)., Impacts of
climatic change on the bioshpere, Part 1. Ultraviolet radiation
effects. Climatic Impact Assess- ment Program Monogr. 5,
Department of Transportation, Washington, D.C., 1975. 647 pp.
- 87
-
National Academy of Science and National Research Council,
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion by halocarbons: Chemistry and
Transport. Committte on Impacts of Straospheric Change,
National Academy Press, Washington, D.C., 1979.
- 88
-
National Academy of Science and National Research Council,
Causes and Effects of Stratospheric Ozone Reduction: an
Update, committee on chemistry and physics of ozone depletion
and the Commmitte on Biological effects of increased solar
ultraviolet radiation. National Academy Press, Washington,
D.C., 1982.
- 89
-
National Academy of Science and National Research Council,
Causes and effects of stratospheric ozone reduction: update 1983,
254 pp., Committee on causes and effects of changes
in stratospheric ozone, National Academy Press, Washington,
D.C., 1984.
- 90
-
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,
The state of the science and NOAA's current and future
research, 197 pp., National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,
Washington, D.C., 1987.
- 91
-
Neale, P. J., Chapter 2. Algal photoinhibition and photosynthesis in
the aquatic environment, in Photoinhibition,
edited by D. J. Kyle, C. B. Osmond, and C. J. Arntzen,
p. 39-65, Elsevier Science Publishers, 1987.
- 92
-
Neale, P. J., and P. J. Richerson, Photoinhibition and the
diurnal variation of phytoplankton photosynthesis-I.
Development of a photosynthesis-irradiance model from
studies of in situ responses, J. Plankton Res., 9(1),
167-193, 1987.
- 93
-
Neale, P. J., M. P. Lesser, and J. J. Cullen, Effects of
ultraviolet radiation on the photosynthesis of
phytoplankton in the vicinity of McMurdo station,
Antarctica, in Ultraviolet radiation in Antarctica: Measurements
and biological effects, edited by C. S. Weiler, and
P. A. Penhale, p. 125-142, 1994. Antarctic Research Series,
Volume 62.
- 94
-
Peng, T., Possible effects of ozone depletion on the global
carbon cycle, Radiocarbon, 34(3), 772-779, 1992.
- 95
-
Platt, T., and S. Sathyendranath, Estimators of primary
production for the interpretation of remotely-sensed data
on ocean color, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 14561-14596, 1993.
- 96
-
Platt, T., C. L. Gallegos, and W. G. Harrison, Photoinhibition
of photosynthesis in natural assemblages in marine
phytoplankton, J. Mar. Res., 38, 687-701, 1980.
- 97
-
Prezelin, B. B., and R. C. Smith, Response: Polyethylene
Bags and Solar Ultraviolet Radiation, Science, 259,
534-535, 1993.
- 98
-
Prezelin, B. B., M. Putt, and H. E. Glover, Diurnal patterns
in photosynthetic capacity and depth-dependent
photosynthesis-irradiance relationships in Synechococus
spp. and larger phytoplankton in three water masses in the
Northwest Atlantic Ocean, Mar. Biol., 91, 205-217, 1986.
- 99
-
Prezelin, B. B., N. P. Boucher, and R. C. Smith, Daytime
kinetics of UVA and UVB inhibition of photosynthetic
activity in Antarctic surface waters, Current Topics in
Plant Physiology: an American Society of Plant Physiologist
Series., 1992. Presented at Special Symposium:
Photosynthetic Responses to the Environment; IXth International
Congress on Photosynthesis, Kona, Hawaii, Aug. 24-27, 1992
(Accepted).
- 100
-
Prezelin, B. B., N. P. Boucher, and R. C. Smith, Marine primary
production under the influence of the Antarctic ozone
hole: Icecolors '90, in Ultraviolet radiation in
Antarctica: Measurements and biological effects, edited
by C. S. Weiler, and P. A. Penhale, p. 159-186, 1994a.
Icecolors Contribution #5.
- 101
-
Prezelin, B. B., N. P. Boucher, and O. Schofield, Evaluation
of field studies of UVB radiation effects on Antarctic
marine primary productivity, in Stratospheric Ozone
Depletion/UV-B radiation in the biosphere, edited by R. H. Biggs,
and M. E. B. Joyner, NATO ASI Series---Series I, Global
Environmental Change), p. 181-194, 1994b.
- 102
-
Quickenden, T. I., and J. A. Irvin, The ultraviolet
absorption spectrum of liquid water, Journal
Chem. Phys., 72, 4416-4428, 1980.
- 103
-
Riley, G. A., Journal Marine Research, 5, 67, 1942.
- 104
-
Rundel, R. D., Action spectra and estimation of biologically
effective uv radiation, Physiologia Plantarum, 58,
360-366, 1983.
- 105
-
Rundel, R. D., and D. S. Nachtwey, Skin cancer and ultraviolet
radiation, J. Photochem. Photobiol. B: Biol., 28, 345-356, 1978.
- 106
-
Ryther, J. H., and C. S. Yentsch, The estimation of phytoplankton
production in the ocean from chlorophyll and light data, Limnol.
Oceanogr., 2, 281-286, 1957.
- 107
-
Schoeberl, M. R., and D. L. Hartmann, The dynamics of the
stratospheric polar vortex and its relation to springtime
ozone depletions, Science, 251, 46-52, 1991.
- 108
-
Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment, Effects
of increased ultraviolet radiation on biological systems:
Proceedings of a workshop, Budapest, February, 1992, 40
pp., SCOPE, Paris, France, 1992.
- 109
-
Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment, Effects
of increased ultraviolet radiation on global ecosystems, 47
pp., SCOPE, Paris, France, 1993. Proceedings of a
workshop; Tramariglio, (Sassari) Sardinia, October 1992.
- 110
-
Sivalingham, P. M., T. Ikawa, Y. Yokohama, and K. Nisizawa,
Distribution of a 334 UV-absorbing substance in algae, with
special regard of its possible physiological roles, Botanica
Marina, 17, 23-29, 1974.
- 111
-
Smith, W. O. (Ed.)., Polar Oceanography, Academic Press,
San Diego, 1990.
- 112
-
Smith, R. C., Ozone, middle ultraviolet radiation and the
aquatic environment, J. Photochem. Photobiol. B: Biol.,
50(4), 459-468, 1989.
- 113
-
Smith, R. C., and K. S. Baker, Penetration of UV-B and biologically
effective dose-rates in natural waters, J. Photochem. Photobiol.
B: Biol., 29, 311-323, 1979.
- 114
-
Smith, R. C., and K. S. Baker, Stratospheric ozone, middle
ultraviolet radiation and carbon-14 measurements of marine
productivity, Science, 208(4), 592-593, 1980.
- 115
-
Smith, R. C., and K. S. Baker, Optical properties of the
clearest natural waters (200-800 nm), Appl. Opt., 20, 177-184,
1981.
- 116
-
Smith, R. C., and K. S. Baker, Assessment of the influence
of enhanced UV-B on marine primary productivity, in The
Role of Solar Ultraviolet in Marine Ecosystems, edited by
J. Calkins, p. 509-537, Plenum , New York, 1982.
- 117
-
Smith, R. C., and K. S. Baker, Stratospheric ozone, middle
ultraviolet radiation and phytoplankton productivity,
Oceanography, 2(2), 4-10, 1989.
- 118
-
Smith, W. O., and D. M. Nelson, Importance of ice edge phytoplankton
production in the Southern Ocean, BioScience, 36(4), 251-257,
1986.
- 119
-
Smith, W. O., and E. Sakshaug, Polar Phytoplankton, Polar
Oceanography: Part B Chemistry, Biology, and Geology, p.
477-525, Academic Press, New York, 1990.
- 120
-
Smith, S. J., and J. Vidal, Variations in the distribution,
abundance, and development of copepods in the southeastern
Bering Sea in 1980 and 1981, Contint. Shelf Res., 5, 215-239,
1986.
- 121
-
Smith, R. C., K. S. Baker, O. Holm-Hansen, and R. Olson,
Photoinhibition of photosynthesis and middle ultraviolet
radiation in natural waters, J. Photochem. Photobiol. B:
Biol., 31, 585-592, 1980.
- 122
-
Smith, R. C., R. R. Bidigare, B. B. Prezelin, K. S. Baker,
and J. M. Brooks, Optical characterization of primary productivity
across a coastal front, Mar. Biol., 96, 575-591, 1987.
- 123
-
Smith, R. C., Z. Wan, and K. S. Baker, Ozone depletion in
Antarctica: modeling its effect on solar uv irradiance
under clear-sky conditions, J. Geophys. Res., 97(C5),
7383-7397, 1992a.
- 124
-
Smith, R. C., et al., Ozone depletion: Ultraviolet radiation
and phytoplankton biology in Antarctic waters, Science,
255(5047), 952-959, 1992b.
- 125
-
Smith, Jr., W. O., N. K. Keene, and J. C. Comiso, Interannual
variability and estimated primary productivity of the
antarctic marginal ice zone, in Antarctic Ocean and Resources
Variability, edited by D. Sahrhage, p. 131-139, Springer-Verlag,
Berlin, 1988.
- 126
-
Solomon, S., Progress towards a quantitative understanding
of Antarctic ozone depletion, Nature, 347, 347-354, 1990.
- 127
-
Stamnes, K., S.-C. Tsay, W. Wiscombe, and K. Jayaweera,
Numerically stable algorithm for discrete-ordinate-method
radiative transfer in multiple scattering and emitting layered
media, Appl. Opt., 27(12), 2502-2509, 1988.
- 128
-
Stamnes, K., J. Slusser, M. Bowen, C. Booth, and T. Lucas,
Biologically effective ultraviolet radiation, total ozone
abundance, and cloud optical depth at McMurdo station,
Antarctica September 15 1988 through april 15 1989, Geophys.
Res. Let., 17(12), 2181-2184, 1990.
- 129
-
Steemann Nielsen, E., On the comlication in marine productivity
work due to the influence of ultraviolet light, J. Cons. Int.
Explor. Mer., 29, 130-135, 1964.
- 130
-
Sverdrup, H. U., On the conditions for the vernal blooming
of phytoplankton, Cons Perm Internat Explor Mer, 18, 287-295,
1953.
- 131
-
Talling, J. F., The phytoplankton population as a compound
photosynthetic system, New Phytol., 56, 133-149, 1957.
- 132
-
M. Tevini (Ed.)., UV-B radiation and ozone depletion,
Effects on Humans, Animals, Plants, Microorganism, and Materials,
Lewis Publ., Boca Raton, 1993.
- 133
-
Tsay, S.-C., and K. Stamnes, Ultraviolet radiation in the Arctic:
The impact of potential ozone depletions and cloud effects, J.
Geophys. Res., 97(D8), 7829-7840, 1992.
- 134
-
United Nations Environment Programme, Environmental Effects Panel
Report, United Nations Environment Programme, Nairobi, Kenya, 1989.
- 135
-
United Nations Environment Programme, Environmental Effects of
ozone depletion: 1991 update, United Nations Environment Programme,
Nairobi, Kenya, 1991.
- 136
-
Vernet, M., UV radiation in antarctic waters: response of
phytoplankton pigments, in Response of Marine phytoplankton to
natural variations in UV-B flux, edited by B. G. Mitchell,
O. Holm-Hansen, and I. Sobolev, p. Appendix I, Chemical
Manufacturers Association, Washington, DC, 1990. Proceedings of
a Workshop, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA, April 5.
- 137
-
Vernet, M., E. A. Brody, O. Holm-Hansen, and B. G. Mitchell,
The response of Antarctic phytoplankton to ultraviolet
radiation: absorption, photosynthesis, and taxonomic composition, in
Ultraviolet radiation in Antarctica: Measurements and biological
effects, edited by C. S. Weiler, and P. A. Penhale,
p. 143-158, 1994. Antarctic Research Series, Volume 62.
- 138
-
Vincent, W. F., and S. Roy, Solar ultraviolet-B radiation
and aquatic primary production: damage, protection, and
recovery, Environ. Rev., 1, 1-12, 1993.
- 139
-
Voytek, M. A., Addressing the biological effects of
decreased ozone on the Antarctic environment, AMBIO, 19(2),
52-61, 1990.
- 140
-
WMO, Scientific assessment of ozone depletion: 1991, World
Meteorological Organization, Geneva, 1991. Global Ozone
Research and Monitoring Project---Report No. 25.
- 141
-
Walsh, J. J., and C. P. McRoy, Ecosystem analysis in the
southeastern Bering Sea, Contint. Shelf Res., 5, 259-288,
1986.
- 142
-
Watson, R., Ozone Trends Panel,
Executive Summary. NASA, Washington, D.C., 1988.
- 143
-
C. S. Weiler, and P. A. Penhale (Eds.)., Ultraviolet radiation in
Antarctica: Measurements and biological effects,
p. 143-158, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, 1994.
Antarctic Research Series, Volume 62.
- 144
-
C. E. Williamson, and H. E. Zagarese (Eds.)., Impacts of
solar UVB on pelagic freshwater ecosystems, Archiv fur
Hydrobiologie, supplement Series, Ergebnisse der Limnologie, 1994.
226 pp.
- 145
-
Worrest, R. C., Review of literature concerning the impact
of UV-B radiation upon marine organisms, in The Role of Solar
Ultraviolet Radiation in Marine Ecosystems, edited by
J. Calkins, p. 429-457, Plenum Press, New York, 1982.
- 146
-
Worrest, R. C., Impact of solar ultraviolet-B radiation
(290-320nm) upon marine microalgae, Physiol. Plant., 58,
428-434, 1983.
- 147
-
Worrest, R. C., The effect of solar UV-B radiation on
aquatic systems: An overview, in Effects of Changes in
Stratospheric Ozone and Global Climate, Overview, edited by
J. G. Titus, p. 175-191, US Environmental Protection
Agency and United Nations Environmental Program 1, 1986.
- 148
-
Worrest, R. C., H. Van Dyke, and B. E. Thomson, Impact of
enhanced simulated solar ultraviolet radiation upon a
marine community, J. Photochem. Photobiol. B: Biol., 17,
471-478, 1978.
- 149
-
Worrest, R. C., D. L. Brooker, and H. Van Dyke, Results of a
primary productivity study as affected by the type of glass
in the culture bottle, Limnol. Oceanogr., 25, 360-364,
1980.
- 150
-
Worrest, R. C., K. U. Wolniakowski, J. D. Scott, D. L.
Brooks, B. E. Thomson, and H. Van Dyke, Sensitivity of
marine phytoplankton to UV-B radiation: impact upon a model
ecosystem, J. Photochem. Photobiol. B: Biol., 33, 223-227,
1981a.
- 151
-
Worrest, R. C., B. E. Thomson, and H. Van Dyke, Impact of
UV-B radiation upon estuarine microcosms, J. Photochem.
Photobiol. B: Biol., 33, 861-867, 1981b.
- 152
-
A. R. Young, L. O. Bjorn, J. Moan, and W. Nultsch (Eds.).,
Environmental UV photobiology, Plenum Press, New York,
1993. 479 pp..
- 153
-
Zepp, R. G., and D. M. Cline, Rates of direct photolysis in
aquatic environments, Environ. Sci. Technol., 11, 359,
1977.
Figure 1: Relative response of biological weighting
functions normalized at 300nm versus wavelength. Data from:
[Jones Kok 1966 kinetics , Neale Lesser Cullen 1994 McMurdo,
Cullen Neale 193, Rundel 1983, Hunter Taylor Moser 1979, Mitchell
1990 action model]
Figure 2: Average values for in situ phytoplankton
productivity
versus depth[m]
within the marginal ice zone of the Bellingshausen Sea in austral
spring of 1990. Comparison of productivity inside the ozone hole
(stratospheric ozone levels less than 200 Dobson Units, DU) with
productivity outside the hole (stratospheric ozone levels greater
than 300 DU). Higher UV-B levels (inside the ozone hole) are
consistently associated with reduced (left-hand curve) levels of
production. Integration of these curves shows that higher UV-B
levels within the ozone hole lead to a reduced water column
production (6 to 12%). Adapted from Science, 1992, 255:952-959).
U.S. National Report to IUGG, 1991-1994
Rev. Geophys. Vol. 33
Suppl., © 1995 American Geophysical Union