While there are relatively few instruments developed specifically for the
measurement of in-water UV, the past few years has seen significant
advancement in this area.
Smith [Ray Smith Prezelin macintyre 1992] developed a new light and
ultraviolet
submersible spectroradiometer (LUVSS), capable of measuring full spectral
irradiance and underwater radiance.
The LUVSS instrument has 0.2 nm resolution from 250 to 350 nm and 0.8 nm
resolution from 350 to 750 nm and is deployed by a remote operating vehicle
that allows accurate in-water data to be obtained independent of ship
perturbation effects.
Also within the past few years, several commercial instruments have been
developed specifically for, or adapted to, in-water UV measurement.
Kirk and co-workers [Kirk Williamson 1994] carried out a comparison of
several commercial instruments and evaluated various instrument results
against an atmospheric model to test spectral fidelity.
This intercalibration, which was done among several research groups and
several instruments, is an important precedent for future research on
UV effects.