This Chapman Conference focuses on the longstanding questions surrounding the lack of closure of the surface energy budget that has plagued the eddy-covariance (EC) community for decades. There is an urgent need to bring together the community to address the causes of non-closure, potential corrections, and broader implications for subsequent analyses such as the calibration and validation of water, energy, and carbon balance models.

The Chapman Particle Precipitation will bring together participants from the atmosphere-ionosphere-magnetosphere (AIM) communities to focus efforts on identifying and communicating outstanding issues, how models can bridge knowledge gaps, promising techniques for enhanced analysis, and required new types of observations.

This Chapman Conference will gather in Hawaiʻi to assess current understanding, share insights, and map out work on critical outstanding questions from the Kīlauea 2018 eruption and other global historical eruptions.

The Chapman considers the water cycle and the role of scientists, researchers, and business in a time of unprecedented changes in the fields of sensor technology, satellite missions, modeling and applications. Which science questions have been answered in this past decade and what are the next decade’s pressing questions?

The Conference aims at taking advantage of significant advances in the modeling of the climate system and forecasting at various time scales to improve climate services in health. The scientific program will focus on how climate affects health and the achievements and needs for actionable climate-informed forecasts of infection disease and actionable climate-informed forecasts of heat related illnesses.

This conference aimed to bring together scientists to review and discuss the current status of research on Alfvén waves in space plasmas, including the solar atmosphere, the solar wind, planetary magnetospheres and ionospheres, and laboratory plasmas (if relevant to space plasmas).

This meeting provided a forum for discussing of the role of both on- and off-axis hydrothermal fluxes in regulating ocean biogeochemistry and the Earth system, and the feedbacks between the Earth’s surface environment and hydrothermal fluxes.

The purpose of this Chapman was to bring together scientists to discuss, develop, and test conceptual models of distributed volcanism. Focus by the scientific community is especially important now because of continuing growth of cities, communities, and critical infrastructure within sparsely monitored volcanic fields.