NASA’s Earth Observing System Data and Information System (EOSDIS) is in the middle of a critical project moving EOSDIS data to the cloud, motivated by rapid rate of data ingest into the EOSDIS archive. NASA Earth science data from both upcoming (e.g. SWOT) and existing (e.g. Terra, Aqua, ICESat-2) missions will be available in the Earthdata cloud platform in the coming years. The paradigm shift from on-premise to cloud-based data distribution, and that from ‘download and analyze’ to ‘analysis in place’ present opportunities and challenges.